Dynamic balancing-machine.



N. W. vAKINIOFF. DYNAMIC BALANCING MACHINEY.

APPLICATION f lLED Nov. 4,1915. RENEwED JULY 6,1918.

A 1,296,606. Patented Ma1-.11,1919.

N. W. AKIMOFF.

DYNAMIC BALANclNG MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4,1915. RENEWED JULY 5.1918. 1,296,606. I Patented Mar. 11,1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

1 E s'rnfns PATE NICHOLAS W. AKIMOFF, OF l PIIHIILADIEILPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO DYNAMIC BALANCING MACHINE COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA,

PENNSYLVANIA.

Specification ofA Letters Patent.

'i DYNAMIC BaLANcIN-MACHINE.

Patented Mar. l11, 1919.

Appneatien mea november 4, 1915, serial No. 59,659. Renewed July e, 191s. serial Ne. 243,698..

To all whom z'tmay concern.'

fBe it'known that I, NICHOLAS .W. AKI- MoFF, a subject of the Czar of Russia, and a resident of the city of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamic Balancing-Machines, of which the.` following is a full, clear, andexact description.

The object -of the invention is to provide an improved dynamic balancing apparatus inwhich are incorporated the pr1n ciples covered by'applications for Letters Patent of the United States, Serial No. 32,296, for the method of and apparatus for obtaining dynamicba1ance, and Serial No. 36,573, for the method of and apparatus for detecting dynamic balance, together with certain other novel features not disclosed therein. l

.In the former of these applications, the improved apparatus described comprises a dynamically balanced body revolub-ly upon anaxis which is coincident with the axis of revolution of an unbalanced body, and operative to be adjusted to an unbalanced condition, to neutralize the unbalanced condition of saidlatter body, and thereby to create a condition of balance of the system comprising the twobodies. The latter ofv the said applications describes a principle for detecting the existence of a. balanced condition by mounting .such apparatus as the above upon resilientmembers of known frequency of 'vibration when under load, 'and thennoting whether, and to what extent,

said apparatus vibrates.

In the present construction, the object isto revolve the balanced body of' thel first application upon an axis preferably parallel, but out of coincidence with, and re moved from, the axis of -revolution of the body being tested, but-.dinectly connected in lsuch manner that the two bodies. revolvein .absolute synchronism, thel entire structurev being mounted upon yielding members, such vas helical springs, having predeterminedl v periods of natural vibration..

Further details of the iconstruction :of the apparatus embodying the. preferred forms of the invention are fully brought out in the following description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 a front elevation lslippin sion, w ich would permit a lag of the live of the invention in one of its embodiments; Fig. 2 is a plan View of another embodiment thereof; Fig. 3 is a front` elevation of a third form; Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of one of the preferred embodiments of the balance indicating mechanism; Fig. 5 is avertical transverse View of the same on the line 5 5 thereof; Fig. 6 is an 'enlarged detail sectional View of one of the weight operating mechanisms of said first mechanism; and Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the vane wheel shown in Figs. 4, 5 and A6.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, the

linvention there shown comprises a balancing machine in which the body being'tested is ositioned above the bed of the vibratory rame, while the driving mechanism and the body, provided with adjustable weights and ,capable of having its principal 'axis or 1n ertia shifted while in motion, are positioned below said bed. j

A rigid base, comprising legs 5 and a horizontally extending frame 6, is' securely fastened to a ,firm foundation, while supported upon said frame by one or more hinges, Orother pivotal mountings, 7 and -interchangeable springor springs 8 of predriven by an adjustable speed motor 16, or

lits equivalent, through the medium of a sprocket chain .or the like, it bein essential that there is no possibility o the of the means of "power transmis` spindle -behind the said driving mechanism.

' The reioluble body 1-8 to betested is lifted4 inta, plce and supportedvby the centers aboile described, or the same may be augmented by one or more `intermediate bearings in the case of objects of l'considerable weight and lengthe- From the under of the bed 9` is sus-V pended by means of brackets the body 21 (hereinafter described in detail) capable of adjustable dynamic balance, said body be'- ing also driven by 'the motor lthrough a suitable non-slip medium 22. The result of absolute and unfailing synchroni'sm, and as the system supported by the base tends to vibrate, it moves as a unit and with no flexibility between tlie respective elements of Which it is comp'osed.

centers 14and 15, o @equivalent supports,

Without regard to the*A size, Weight,- or shape of the adjustable' standard body 21. The

[embodiment of the adjustable balancing mechanism are shown. Essentially'the same comprises end plates 45, connected by rods 46, fixed with respect thereto to form a to 7 the details of one l squirrel cagerevoluble upon the axis 46,

said rods being provided'respectively with dove-tail grooves 47, in-Which are slidably 'mounted longitudinally movable Weights 48,

provided in turn with rack teeth 49. Surrods are spaced' collars 50, having'integral radially extending flanges 51, the eripheral and adjacent' surfaces fof 'which fior-ln bearings for Wheels 54, provided on their outer faces with radially extending vanes l55 and operation of the device when -set up is exy actly similar to that described in the first of the abovementionedapplications, and with .a givenlack of balance of the body'18 and a consequent vibration of the bed 9, the proper adjustment of the body 21 restores the balance of the system, thereby reducing the 1 degree of said vibration until it disappears altogether'.y 1-

. In the' form of the device shown' in Fig.

2, a 'bed 25 is provided similar tol the 'bed' 9 of Fig. 1,. but With a second bed 26 rigid-ly upon the inner faces of their axial bores with spiral teeth' 56, adapted to mesh with the teeth of said rack and operative thereby to foscillate the same in theA grooves 47 of the rods 46.

'To actuate'the said Weights or rods while the device is in motion, jets of iuid may be attached thereto, or integral therewith, the

latter being adapted to support in upright position the variable speed motor27, 'brackets v28, and standard testing body-29, while upon. said .ir'st bed isin turn mounted the head and tail stocks 30A and 31,"revolublysupporting the body 32 beingtested, said first and second bodies being driven by said motor in synchronism with eachy other. The. bed 25 is mova'bly supported With-one point fixed bythe pivotal pin33 upon any suitablev base or other foundation, and yieldingl'y poldirected against the 'vane Wheels as they revolve 'past .suitably positioned nozzles from which said fluid is forced. However, in Fig. 5 is shown a-manner of accomplishing the same result frictionally by manually holding in the path of said wheels as they -Whirl around, ayielding member 58 of such 'marounding and secured to each of the said Thus, with the construction above de-A scribed it is possible totest any body capable 4ofbeing supportedv and rotated upon the terial as rubber or leather. To reverse the displacement of the Weights of a given pair,

the motion of the bodies is reversed, but in -other respects the operation is the same.

sitioned by resilient members 34'ofknoWn-- periods ofnatural vibration in turn positioned by -any 'suitable brackets or stop' 35, ythe operation of .the device, beingexactly similar to that above described:- However,

this form may beturn'ed up on one end, Ithus'l making it possible to balanceqwithitjbodies designed' to rotate about vertical axes.

Illustrated in Eig. 3 is an arrangementvof the elementary parts of the'inventionsome'.

what similar. to that shown .in` Fig. 1, but with the standard, capable of being adjusted to possess perfect balance, body 38 supported above the vibratorily mountedbed 39, wliilej vthe body 40 being-tested is suspended below the same, both being driven synchronously4 by the motor 41. This form of. the invention is particularly advantageous in the 'testing of car Wheels andl axles, and in fact any .rotas table bodies which lare of considerable weight andwhich it is possible to roll substantially into position upon rails 42, or the like, from Thus,a position of the weights i-s nally determined at Which'the revolving bodies of the system, Whether on coincident axes or axes'notl coincident but lying in the same plane, rotate lsynchronously at the desired .speed with no. vibration perceptible to a device which characteristically magnifies to a great extent the smallest tremble. Secondly, fromthe displacement of the respec- -tive Weights the ratio of the angular and radial positions, from Which material must bevremoved Afrom the 'body being tested, and .the quantityvof said material, is readily de- 'subject-to the condition that the centrifugal couple created thereby is numerically equalto, and otherwise in'agreement with,

that in'dicated'by'A the adjustment of the said weights.

Having innsv described .my invention,

what I claim'and desire to protect by Letters' Patent of the United States iszl. A balancing machine, comprising a rotatable support for abody to be tested, s

ftermined, after which the balancing'of the g. body is'the simple result 'ofdrilling into the .selected portions of the surface thereof, a sufiicient' depth to remove the necessary .Weight of material,'or e'lse by adding weights v of coincidencel yWith the axis of rotation of rotatable body revoluble upon an axis out' said support, and provided with adjustable parts to alter the degree of its dynamic balance, and means operative to drive said support and said body in synchronism. 2. vA. balancing machine, comprising a rotatable support for a body dto rbe tested, a rotatable body provided with adjustable parts to alter the degree of its dynamic balance While the same is rotating, said body being rotatable about an axis out of coincidence with the axisof rotation of said support, and means operative to revolve said support and said body in absolute synchronism. 4 3. A balancing machine, comprising a rotatable support for a body to be tested, av

rotatable body provided With adjustable parts to alter the degree of its dynamic balance While the same is rotating, said body being rotatable about an axis spaced from but parallel with the axis of rotation of said support, and driving means operative to move s aid support and said body in synchronlsm.

4. The combination of tvvo bodies robodies andoperative to be adjusted to neu-4 tralize the effect of theI principalV -axis of inertia ofthe other of said bodies being out of coincidence with its axis of rotation.

5.. The combination of a body rotatable about an axis passing through its center of.

mass, and provided with adjustable Weights operative to create a centrifugal couple, a second 4body associated yto rotate synchronously With the first and rotatable about an axis spaced from said first axis and having a centrifugal couple neutralized by said first couple, and means to rotate said, bodies synchronously.

6. The combination of a body rotatable about an axis passing through its center of mass, adjustable Weights carried by 'said body operative to create a centrifugal couple, and a second body having a centrifugal couple to be neutralized by said first couple, means to rotate said bodies synchronously,

vsaid bodies having their respective centers of mass located upon axes of rotation separated from each other.

7. The combination of a body rotatable about an axis passin through its center of mass, adjustable Weights carried by said body and operative to create a centrifugal couple, a second body having a centrifugal couple to be neutralized by said first couple, means to rotate said bodies synchronously, said bodies having their respective centers of mass located upon axes of rotation sepsystem comprising means adapted arated from butl parallel with each other,

and means for indicating the geometrical and mechanical elements of said neutralizingcouple. Y

8. In a dynamic balancing machine, a system comprising adjustable means adapted to revolve in synchronism with a body to be tested, and to alter the degree of dynamic 'system comprising adjustable means adapted to revolve in synchronismxvvith a body to be tested, and to alter the degree 'of balance of said system, means to revolve said system and said body synchronously, said system and said body when in position being rotatable about separate axes lyingin the samel plane and passing through their respective centers of mass. I

1Q. In a dynamic balancing machine, av system comprising means adapted to revolve in synchronism with a body to be tested, means to revolve said system and said body synchronously, said system and said body when in position being rotatable about separate axes lying in the same plane and passing through their respective centers of mass, pairs of Weights movable in opposite directions in said system With respect to the center of mass lof said system and parallel with the axis of rotation thereof, said Weights being operative to alter thedegree of balance of said, system, and means operative to shift said Weights While said Amachine is in operation,

11. In a'dynamic balancing machine, a

to revolve in synchronism with a body to be tested,'means to revolve said system and said body synchronously, said system and said body When in position being rotatable about separate axes lying in the same plane and passing through their respective centers of mass, pairs of Weights movable in opposite directions in said system with respect to the cen'ter of mass of said; system and parallel with the axis of rotation thereof, said Weights being operative to alter the degree of balance of said system, and electrically operated means operative vto shift said Weights While said machine is in operation.

12. In a dynamic balancing machine, a system comprising means adapted to revolve in synchronism With a lbody to be tested,

rate axes lyln in -thesame plane and pass# t eir respective centers of mass, 1 pairs ofweights movable in opposite direc# tionsof said System with respect to the cening throug ter of mass of said system and parallelwith the ax-is of rotation thereof, said' Weights.

.being operative to alter the degree of balv'ance of said system, and Huid operated means operative to shift'said Weights while sald machine is 1n operatlon.`

13. A systemcomprising -a .plurality fof bodies rotatable synchronously about spacedv parallel axes fixed within said bodies, means 'to rotate said bodies synchronously, one of said bodies'comprising adjustable Weights, means coperating with saidv Weights and adapted to adjust the same, to alter the position ofthe principal axis of inertia'of said body relative to .the direction of {the axes of rotation of the bodies comprisingsaid system and thereby to -alter thedegree of dynamic balance of said system.

14. The combination of a bodyrotatable about van axis passingthroughv its center of mass, adjustablel Weights carried by said body and creating a centrifugal couple,'op erative to alter the degree of dynamic balance.

of said body, a second body having a cen'- trifugal couple neutralized by said first4 cou-ple. said bodies lbeing connected. re.4 volve in synchronlsm and. having -thelrrespective centers of mass located upon axes of rotation separated from each other. meahs I to revolve said bodies synchronously,I and a support for said bodies comprising yieldingm'eans having a predetermined'natural .period of vibration under a given load.

15. The combination vof a body rotatable l about'an axis passing through its center of mass, adjustableweights carried by" said f body and creating a centrifugal couple operative to alter the degree of dynamic balance of said body, a Secondbody having a centrifugal couple neutralized by said irst couple,' s aidv.b odies being vconnected to ie- .volv'ejinsynchronism and :having their Vrespectivecenters of mass Alocated upon'axes of rotation separate `from but parallel with leach other, means for indicating the geovmetrical..and mechanical elements .of said T neutralizing couple, anda support for said 'bodies' comprisng resilient members' having af predetermined natural period of vibration '.nnder .a given load.-

system comprising means adapted to re' 16. In a dynamic balancing machine, a

' volvo in synchronism' with a body to be tested,-l means to revolve said system and vsaid body synchronously, saidsystem'and said 'body when in position being rotatable about separate axes lying in the same plane and passing through their respective centers of mass, Weights'movable in said System parallel with the axis of rotation thereof, means "operative-to .said weights whilel said system. comprlsin f ses@ machine is in operation to alter the degree ofdynamic :balance of said system,and ai support for said bodies comprising resilient 'means having a predetermined lnatural period of vibration .under a'given load. '10 17. In adynamic balancing machine, a

-system comprising means adapted to be as- '.'sociated with a .body to be tested, means whereby said system and saidbody 'are' adapted for synchronousjrottion about 745 parallel'axes assing throughrbheir respec tive- .'centers 'o mass, said system Vcomprising Weights movable therein parallel 'withl .theaxis ofrotation thereof, and'means vop'- Whiley said 80 erative.. to shift `said weights system is' in rotation.l

l18. In' a dynamic balancing machine, 'a

.system comprisin means-adapted to be`aslsociatedwith a vWherebysaid system and said body are 85 ody to lbe tested, means adaptedjfon synchronous rotation about'- axes passing through their respective cen L s ters of mass and lyingvin the samev plane, said system comprising Weightsv movable therein .parallel with the axis of rotation 90 thereof, and means operative to shiftA said- -Weightswhile said system is inrotation.

-f l19.'In adynamic balancing machine," a

' means adapted tohe as? sociated with a ody to be tested, means 95 whereby .said system and said body are adapted for synchronous' rotationabout parallel axes as sing through their respecntivevcenter's o mass, said system comprising 'Y pairsof weights movable therein paralle with the axis of rotation .thereof andin'- opposite directions, and means operative to shift said Weights While said system is in rotation1|`4 f l 20. In a dynamic balancing machine, a`105 system comprisin means adapted to be associated with .a' y to be tested, means whereby' said systemi' and said Ibody' are adapted for vsynchronous rotation aboutf axes passinggthroughrtheir respective cen- 11o ters of mass and lying in the `same plane,

said system comprising pairsof Weights'` movable therein-.parallel -with-the axis of rotation therebf and in opposite directions, and means operative to shift said weights 116 while said system is' in rotation.

21,`A balancing machine, comprising an oscillator limited .to one de 'eeof freedom,

oscillator limited to one degree of freedom, a rotatable support for a body to be tested mounted u ponsaid oscillator, and means adapted to rotate in synchronism with said support and operative to impose 'upon said oscillator a forced vibration.

23. A balancing macl1ine,'compri`sing anoscillator limited to one degree of freedom,

-a rotatable support for a body to be tested mounted upon said oscillator, and means adapted to rotate in synchronism W1th said support and operative to impose upon said oscillator a forced vibration of any desired amplitude and frequency.

24. A balancing machine, lcomprising an oscillator limited to one degree of Ifreedom,

a rotatable support carried thereby and adapted to receive a body to be tested, means to impose upon said oscillator a -forced vifbration of any desired frequency and amplitude, and means for estlmating the impressed generalized force in function of.

one linear coefficient only. l A y f 25. A balancing machine, comprisin an' oscillator limited to one degree of free om,

-a` rotatable support carried thereby' and adapted to' receive a /body toybe tested, means to impose upon said oscillator a forced-vibration of any desired frequency `an amplitude, and means for estimating the impressed generalized force in function of ,one linear coefficient only While the said system Iis in motion.

26. A balancing machine,-comprising an' oscillatory mounting, a support mounted thereon and adapted to receive and rotatably i support a body to. be tested,`means to impose upon'said mountin a forced vibration of any desired ampfitude, and means,

to move a body upon said support andlsaid first. means in harmony.

27. A balancing machine, comprising an loscillatory mounting, means for rotatably supporting a bodyu to be tested and carried by said mounting, means also carried by and adapted to impose a forced vibration upon said mounting, and connections Whereby said last means is moved in harmony with a body upon said first means, the Whole Y being operative to test the dynamic balance of a body upon said first means.

V28.y A balancingmachine, comprismg an oscillatory mounting, means for rotatably supportinga body to be tested and carried indicate the state of balance of a body carried by said suppont, means to impose upon said oscillator arforced vibration of any desired amplitude, and means to rotate a body upon said supportv and to operate said first mea-ns in harmony.

In Witness whereof my hand this'28th day of October, 1915.

NICHOLAS W. AKIMOFF.

Witnesses:

ALBERT C. RICHTER, J. STUART FREEMAN.

I have hereunto slet4 

